Lead-Free Masnbr3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency: Device Simulation Using SCAPS 1D

Perovskitesolar cells (PSCs) are promising for next-generation photovoltaic, but conventional lead-based perovskites raise environmental concerns.This paper investigates a lead-free MASnBr perovskite solar cell using simulation data.We analyze device architecture, energy band alignment, current-voltage characteristics, and the impact of interface defects, highlighting the potential of tin-based perovskites for high efficiency and sustainability.As Pb is very toxic to nature, we prefer Sn in place of Pb in our present paper.As ETL, we are using Cu2O, which is very cheap to manufacture and as ETL using a widely popular ZnO.