Мотивація: місце серед інших функцій управління, особливості, засоби реалізації

In accordance with the set goal, the article reveals the features of motivation as a management function, determines its place among other functions, and identifies the means of its effective implementation. Using methods of analysis, comparison, and systematization, which allowed us to study the source base on the specified problem, it was found that the essence of the motivation function is to form incentives for employees to work, based on their values, interests, and desires, and accordingly create a certain motivational basis for long-term influence on personnel. The motivation function solves the following important tasks of organizational management: how to attract professional employees to the organization; how to direct employees to effective work; how to retain highly professional personnel. The main motivation factors that force an employee to act effectively are: needs; interests; motives; incentives. They are different, and therefore the motivation process is complex and immeasurable. To successfully implement the motivation function, the manager needs to know about the models of labor activity and be aware of the employees' belonging to them: passive, latent, instrumental, self-sufficient. In addition, the employee's motivation is closely related to the periods of his labor activity. The article also considers motivation according to the stages of work with employees: selection and hiring; socialization and organization of labor activity; dismissal. Organization management also has the effect of a motivator or demotivator for personnel. The features of organizational management that can be positive motives for employees, or determine the quality of work or lead to dismissal were identified: leadership, competence, authority of the manager for the staff, credit of trust in him; personal qualities of the manager, his upbringing, worldview; transparency of the structure of the organization, optimal distribution of responsibilities; socio-psychological features of the labor collective; type of organizational culture; state of the socio-psychological climate in the labor collective; features of the goals and tasks that the organization solves; state of resource provision, working conditions; characteristics of external factors of influence (economy, legislation, politics, ecology, safety, etc.). It was concluded that motivation is a complex socio-psychological function of management, which requires the manager to have systemic knowledge and skills in working with personnel.