Satellite-Borne and Airborne Sea Ice Remote Sensing for Antarctic Applications in Safe Navigation between the Icebreaker and Research Station: A Case Study in Prydz Bay

Safe navigation for Antarctic expeditions is critically challenged by harsh environmental conditions, particularly in areas with complex sea ice distributions. Ensuring secure routes between icebreakers and research stations is essential for successful supply transportations and field operations. In this study, we proposed an integrated technical framework for safe path planning in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, based on satellite-borne and airborne remote sensing data. Using large-scale satellite imagery, we extracted and analyzed sea ice conditions, including the spatial distribution of landfast sea ice, icebergs, and bare rocks, as well as surface smoothness information. High-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data collected at Zhongshan Station further supported the analysis of the melting characteristics and microtopography of landfast sea ice. These multi-source observations were incorporated into a cost path analysis approach to determine optimal and safe routes across landfast sea ice areas, aiming to provide guarantees for icebreaker navigation, supply transportation, and sea ice surface activities. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively supports route planning by providing detailed environmental assessments, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of Antarctic expeditions. This framework offers a valuable tool for icebreaker navigation between ships and stations in polar environments.