Safety Assessment and Analysis of Reservoir Dams Based on the Finite Element Method

水库大坝作为国家现代水网体系的核心控制性工程，在流域防洪安全保障体系和水资源战略配置中发挥着关键作用。本文聚焦大坝安全评估中的渗流与稳定核心环节，以胶东半岛某水库土石坝为研究对象，基于有限元数值模拟技术构建坝体渗流场与抗滑稳定性耦合分析模型。研究结果表明：在设计洪水位、正常蓄水位等多种运行工况下，坝体渗流场最大水力梯度均低于临界阈值，背水侧未出现渗流出逸现象，渗透稳定性满足工程安全标准，各典型工况下的抗滑稳定安全系数均高于现行规范限值。研究验证了参数敏感性分析方法在坝体安全评估中的适用性，可为同类工程安全评价提供技术参考。As core controlling structures in national modern water network systems, reservoir dams play pivotal roles in watershed flood control and safety assurance systems as well as strategic water resources allocation. This study focuses on the critical aspects of seepage and stability in dam safety evaluation, taking a typical large-scale earth-rock dam in the Jiaodong Peninsula as the research object. A coupled analysis model integrating seepage field and anti-sliding stability was established using finite element numerical simulation technology. The results demonstrate that under various operational conditions including designed flood level and normal pool level, the maximum hydraulic gradient in the dam’s seepage field remains below the critical threshold without seepage exfiltration observed at the downstream slope, satisfying engineering safety standards for permeability stability. The anti-sliding safety coefficients under all typical working conditions exceed current code requirements. The research validates the applicability of parameter sensitivity analysis methodology in dam safety assessment, providing technical references for safety evaluations of similar projects.