Germination, emergence modeling, longevity, and persistence in the hairy beggarticks seed bank

Background: Hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) is a highly adaptable weed species that thrives in diverse environmental conditions. Understanding the environmental factors that influence its germination is essential for developing predictive emergence models and supporting integrated management strategies. Objective: The present study aimed to estimate the cardinal temperatures and water potentials for B. pilosa germination, assess seed bank longevity, and develop a field-based emergence model. Methods: Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine base temperature and water potential thresholds for [...]