A Multidimensional Exploration of the Impact of Openness on New Quality Productivity

New quality productive is advanced productive forces that are innovation-led, in line with the new development concept, and characterized by high quality, high technology and high performance. The increase in the degree of openness to the outside world helps the exchange of advanced technology and the introduction of foreign investment at home and abroad, which in turn promotes the development of new quality productivity. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for new quality productivity based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2022, and uses the FGLS model for benchmark regression, while combining the 2SLS instrumental variable method to deal with potential endogeneity issues. To ensure robustness, this paper further employs the VIF test, Hausman test, and conducts robustness tests by adding digital infrastructure level variables, replacing explanatory variables and deleting specific years. In addition, this paper constructs a mediation effect model to test the mediating role of education expenditure level using Bootstrap method, and constructs a moderating effect model to analyze the moderating role of foreign direct investment through group regression. It is found that the degree of openness to the outside world can significantly promote the development of new quality productivity; the level of education expenditure plays an intermediary role; foreign direct investment has a negative moderating effect on this relationship, and the moderating effect is heterogeneous in regions with different levels of economic development. This study provides a more accurate empirical basis for understanding the development path of new productivity, enriches the relevant theories, and provides useful references for policy making.