A review on enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) system performance with water-based nano-fluid cooling systems

Photovoltaic cooling systems are emerging as an interesting research area globally with the increasing demand for solar photovoltaic power generation.As the operating temperature of solar photovoltaic modules negatively impacts the efficiency of solar panels, the demand for efficient PV cooling technologies is increasing.As a result, researchers are focused on developing efficient PV solar photovoltaic cooling technologies by utilizing nanotechnology, especially using water-based nanofluids as an enhanced heat transfer fluid for solar PV cooling systems.In this review, initially, a comparative analysis of electrical efficiency enhancement was conducted between nanofluid-based PV cooling systems and other PV cooling technologies such as water spray, nanofluid cooling, floating solar systems, heat pipe type cooling systems, forced air, etc.Also, the enhancement of thermo-physical properties of water-based nanofluids was reviewed to study the applicability of different water-based nanofluids for solar photovoltaic cooling applications.This study focuses on the challenges of using nanofluids for solar photovoltaic cooling systems, such as nanofluid's stability, pressure drop, and friction factor, which are considerable obstacles when using nanofluids as the heat transfer fluid in commercial solar photovoltaic cooling systems.This study reveals the potential of nanofluid-based cooling systems to fulfill the increasing demand for high-performance cooling solutions for PV panels.