Application of palladium nanoparticles supported on ordered mesoporous oxides for C–N and CC coupling reactions in water

This study sought to synthesize supported palladium nanocatalysts that are, in general, convenient to synthesize, suitable for mild conditions, recyclable, and stable in water. The sol-gel procedure was successfully extended to synthesize mesoporous metal oxides with well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles. The resulting catalysts were extensively characterized using techniques such as TEM, powder XRD, SEM-EDX, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET surface area measurements. The catalytic activity of the prepared heterogeneous palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous oxides was investigated in terms of C-N and C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C coupling reactions, yielding products of alkynes and <i>N</i>-arylamines. Specifically, alkynes were effectively cross-coupled with various aryl iodides and aryl bromides, yielding diaryl alkynes with high efficiency and minimal catalyst loss. Similarly, the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction produced its desired products with high selectivity and yield.