ANATOMY OF A LITERARY TEXT: A PERSPECTIVE THROUGH THE LENS OF DIGITAL PHILOLOGY (A CASE STUDY OF T. DREISER’S “THE FINANCIER”)

The article explores the potential of topic modeling as a tool for the quantitative analysis of literary texts in the context of contemporary digital philology. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of two approaches to automatic topic extraction in literary discourse: the classical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and the modern BERTopic model, which relies on contextual vector representations and is capable of capturing deeper semantic relationships within the text. The material of the study is Theodore Dreiser’s novel “The Financier”, on the basis of which a corpus for topic analysis was created. The research discusses text preprocessing strategies, including standard cleaning procedures, lemmatization, and part-of-speech filtering using NLP tools. The text was segmented, and optimal parameters were selected for each model. During modeling, the number of extracted topics, their coherence, semantic richness, interpretability, and correspondence to the literary content were analyzed. Special attention was given to model tuning methods (determining the number of topics, part-of-speech filtering, handling of proper nouns), visualization of results for improved interpretation, and the impact of preprocessing on topic quality. The comparative analysis revealed that BERTopic captures deeper semantic connections than LDA and, in most cases, generates topics that more accurately reflect the text’s semantic dominants. It demonstrates a higher capacity for constructing semantically coherent thematic structures while preserving contextual relationships between words. The results of the study may be used for further exploration of the semantic structure of literary works and for developing methods of automated literary discourse analysis. The prospect of further research is seen in conducting a comparative topic analysis of multiple novels by the same author to trace the evolution of semantic dominants within the author’s style.