EFFECT OF KYPHOTIC ANGLE ON HAND GRIP STRENGTH AMONG THE STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FAISALABAD

Background: Hyper-kyphosis, an exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine, is increasingly prevalent among university students due to sedentary lifestyles and poor ergonomic habits. This postural deviation can contribute to musculoskeletal imbalances, impaired function, and possibly reduced muscular strength. Evaluating the relationship between hyper-kyphosis and physical performance parameters such as hand grip strength is essential to understand its broader impact on student health and inform preventive strategies. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between age and hyper-kyphosis among university students. A secondary aim was to determine whether kyphotic curvature affects hand grip strength and daily physical performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 264 male students aged 18–25 years from The University of Faisalabad, Amin Campus. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Kyphotic angles were measured using a Flexi curve ruler, with calculations based on the kyphosis index. Hand grip strength (HGS) was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer, with the average of three attempts recorded for analysis. Descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS version 27. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between age and kyphotic angle (r = 0.952, p < 0.001). Mean kyphotic angle increased from 43.06° ± 0.55 in the 18–19 age group to 52.34° ± 1.40 in the 24–25 age group. Similarly, students in senior semesters exhibited higher kyphotic angles (49.52° ± 3.63) compared to junior semesters (45.14° ± 2.86). However, the correlation between hyper-kyphotic angle and hand grip strength was weak and statistically insignificant (r = 0.092, p = 0.136). Conclusion: This study concluded that kyphotic curvature significantly increases with age among students, yet does not show a meaningful impact on hand grip strength. Early postural assessment is essential to mitigate potential long-term musculoskeletal dysfunction.