News in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the main endocrinological disorders identified in contemporary medical practice, having a multifactorial etiology and being classified into four types. In cats, type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent), characterized by insulin resistance, predominates, while in dogs, type 1 (insulin-dependent) is more common. The clinical picture highlights the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, weight fluctuations, gastrointestinal disturbances, and ophthalmological complications. The diagnosis involves clinical and paraclinical evaluation, urinalysis, as well as the measurement of serum fructosamine. Technological advances have made it possible to monitor glycemia with continuous sensors, and regarding therapeutic options in cats, SGLT2 inhibitors (Bexacat®, Senvelgo®) significantly improve the management of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus.