Comparing and Integrating the 12-Step Recovery Model and Classical Medical Model: Toward a Holistic Framework for Addiction Treatment

This paper explores the historical development, theoretical foundations, and practical applications of two prominent approaches to understanding and treating addiction: the 12-Step recovery model, which conceptualizes addiction as a "disease," and the classical medical model, which frames addiction within allopathic healing paradigms. Through critical analysis of their respective strengths and limitations, this paper proposes an integrated framework that harmonizes these seemingly disparate approaches to enhance treatment outcomes. The integration acknowledges the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of addiction, offering a more comprehensive approach to recovery. This integration framework is particularly relevant for physicians and other medical practitioners seeking to provide more holistic care for patients with substance use disorders.