Assessment of the Prevalence and Characteristics of Periradicular Radiolucency Around the Mandibular Third Molar in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images

Background: Mandibular third molar periradicular radiolucencies (MPRs) are typically positioned buccally or superiorly to the mandibular canal and are regarded as predictive indicators for paresthesia. This radiographic manifestation can resemble various jaw lesions, and it is imperative for dental professionals to possess a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and characteristics associated with these radiographic appearances in dental imaging. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of MPRs observed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to identify distinguishing features and associations that may have clinical relevance. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 235 CBCT images to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of radiolucency around the mandibular third molar (MPRs) among patients attending an oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Zanjan in 2023. Data regarding the types of radiolucency surrounding the mandibular third molar, their specific locations, and the age and gender of the patients were systematically recorded. The Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between the prevalence of MPRs and qualitative nominal variables (e.g., gender), as well as continuous quantitative variables (e.g., age). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 26, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: A total of 235 CBCT radiographs were examined, comprising 141 (60%) women and 94 (40%) men, with ages ranging from 16 to 81 years. Overall, 23 cases of MPRs were identified among the reviewed CBCT images. Conclusion: The findings indicated a low prevalence of MPRs within the studied population. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between the prevalence of MPRs and gender. The majority of MPR cases were unilateral, and the results demonstrated no instances of bone expansion or tooth root resorption.