Nanofibers Loaded With Vancomycin for the Treatment of Periodontal Infections: Synthesis, Characterization, Efficacy, and Safety Tests

Background: The primary function of periodontal wound dressing materials is to safeguard the wound site from microbial infections, regulate moisture levels, and administer bioactive chemicals. The present study aimed to create an antibiotic-loaded, interactive, bioactive nanofibrous. This scaffold will use polylactic glycolic acid loaded with vancomycin (Van) antibiotics. Methods: The electrospinning approach was utilized to manufacture the dressing. In this study, nanofibers (NFs) were explored for the topical delivery of the antimicrobial drug Van, demonstrating their potential as a treatment alternative for periodontal infections. The Van-loaded NFs were created using an electrospinning technique, resulting in uniform, nanosized fibers (approximately 400 nm in diameter) with high drug entrapment efficiency and sustained release over 48 hours. Results: In vitro, cytotoxicity tests using fibroblast cells confirmed the biocompatibility of the drug-loaded NFs. Additionally, in vitro, antibacterial tests revealed that the Van-loaded NFs maintained effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The additional characterization demonstrated that the synthesized NFs exhibit advantageous physicochemical features. Raising the antibiotic concentration diminished the tensile strength of NFs while enhancing the swelling properties. The release kinetics of the extract represented that approximately 80% of the drug was liberated from the NFs within 24 hours. Conclusion: The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), hemocompatibility, and antibacterial assays verified that the manufactured dressing was compatible with the living cells, killed the pathogenic bacteria, and stimulated the growth of fibroblast cells.