Derivatives from the Stems -golos-/-glas- and -molv- with the Prefix bez- in the History of the Russian Standard Language and in Dialects

The present work is devoted to the study of vocabulary derived from the stem -golos-/-glas- and the stem -molv- with the prefix bez- as it appears in the history of the standard language and in its dialects. The main objective of the study is to identify the semantic-and-motivational uniqueness of the mentioned word-formation nests, which makes it possible to describe the metalinguistic reflection of native speakers in the Russian linguo-cultural tradition. The work analyzes the semantics of bez-derivatives from the stems -golos-/-glas- and -molv-, offers motivational solutions for non-trivial cases of semantics development in this lexical group, describes the features of the functioning of the named lexical group in the literary version of the language and in its dialects. The study has revealed the following: the motivational feature of the absence of voice (stem -golos-/-glas-) is hidden in the internal form of vocabulary naming human qualities that are predominantly negative in nature; on the contrary, the absence of rumors (stem -molv-) is associated with socially approved human characteristics and qualities. An analysis of the semantics of the vocabulary described in the work and of the contexts in which it is used shows that such differences indicate the values that the native speakers adhere to: the ability to correctly use the ‘tools’ of communication is considered to be more important than the actual presence and condition of these ‘tools’.