Effectiveness of biotechnological tools in improving the health of pigs and environmentalisation of production

In the context of the global growth of pathogen resistance to antibiotics and environmental challenges in animal husbandry, there is a need to implement effective biotechnological solutions. The purpose of the study was to establish the effectiveness of using biotechnological tools in pig breeding, considering their impact on animal health, productivity, and environmental sustainability of production. The experiment was conducted in the period from August to December 2024 at two pig farms in the Kirovohrad and Vinnytsia oblasts with a total sample of 240 pigs divided into control and three experimental groups. The study examined the effects of probiotics, vaccines, and genetic selection on live weight gain, morbidity, haematological and immunological parameters, frequency of antibiotic use, environmental parameters, and economic profitability. As a result of the use of probiotics, the average daily weight gain increased by 80 g, the morbidity decreased by half, and immunoglobulin levels increased increased by 30%. Vaccination provided an increase in the safety of livestock by 4.3%, a reduction in the need for antibiotic therapy by 40%, and a reduction in residual antibiotics in products. Genetic selection yielded the highest results – an increase of up to 810 g/day, the lowest rates of morbidity, ammonia emissions, and antibiotic residues. Economic analysis confirmed the effectiveness of all three approaches: the ROI was 287.5% for probiotics, 50% for vaccination, and 123% for breeding. The practical effectiveness of the results is confirmed by examples of similar approaches in Denmark, Poland, and Brazil, where a reduction in the use of antibiotics was achieved without compromising productivity. The study also showed a positive effect on soil microbial activity, reduced acid load, and eutrophication risks. The results can be used in the practice of pig farms to increase animal productivity, reduce dependence on antibiotics, and reduce the environmental burden on agroecosystems