In defense of our lives as biological machines

The preceding pieces thoughtfully argue that we possess free will, both of the type that we would want in the moment, and of the type that has determined the sort of person we turned out to be. Moreover, they argue that this overwhelmingly fits our everyday intuition that we can be free at important moments, and that such moments can reflect our ability to consciously choose to amplify or negate the effects of circumstance upon us. In this piece, I heartily and respectfully disagree with all these points.

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Publication Details

Journal
Teorema
Published
2025-07-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.30827/trif.34395
Primary Topic
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

In defense of our lives as biological machines

Robert M. Sapolsky
Teorema
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
article

In defense of our lives as biological machines

Robert M. Sapolsky
article en

Abstract

The preceding pieces thoughtfully argue that we possess free will, both of the type that we would want in the moment, and of the type that has determined the sort of person we turned out to be. Moreover, they argue that this overwhelmingly fits our everyday intuition that we can be free at important moments, and that such moments can reflect our ability to consciously choose to amplify or negate the effects of circumstance upon us. In this piece, I heartily and respectfully disagree with all these points.

TeoremaVol. 44(1)
Stanford University (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 82%
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
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In defense of our lives as biological machines — Robert M. Sapolsky · Teorema (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS