Aging Mechanisms and Protective Measures of Typical Mechanical Sensors

This paper provides a systematic review of the aging mechanisms and protective strategies for mechanical sensors, which are widely used in industrial production and various application scenarios. It focuses on major types of sensorsnamely piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, optical, electromagnetic, and triboelectric sensors. The study conducts an in-depth analysis of how key environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, mechanical stress, and electromagnetic interference induce performance degradation in core materials and structural failures. These aging processes commonly lead to issues such as zero-point drift, sensitivity variation, signal attenuation, and even complete sensor failure, all of which significantly undermine measurement accuracy and device longevity. The paper further summarizes a range of countermeasures, including thermal shielding and heat dissipation optimization, hermetic packaging, electromagnetic shielding, structural buffering design, material modification, compensation algorithms, and periodic calibration or replacement. The study highlights the critical importance of understanding the specific aging mechanisms of each sensor type and implementing effective protection strategies to ensure the reliable operation of automated systems.