A Study of the Beginnings of Urban Modernisation in Jinan From a Public Health Perspective (1904-1928)

This article focuses on the development of public health in Jinan, exploring the evolution of public health before and after the opening of the port. Before the opening of the port of Jinan, public health lagged behind, and public health conditions were poor; after the opening of the port of Jinan in 1904, public health gradually began to develop under the policy impetus of the Qing government and local organisations; the General Administration of Commercial Ports issued relevant regulations to regulate hygiene management, and public health organisations continued to be set up and improved, and the public gradually established the concept of public health in the prevention and treatment of epidemics. Despite the impact of the turbulent times on the systematisation of policies, Jinan's public health programme began to develop on its own initiative in spite of the difficulties, and laid the foundation for subsequent development.