ADVANCES IN GENOMIC APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPING CLIMATE-RESILIENT VEGETABLE CROPS

In this era of climate change, the agricultural sector is facing numerous challenges.To overcome these challenges, we must utilize the latest and most advanced genomic approaches and genetic engineering technologies.Innumerable improvements can be made in crop breeding through genetic engineering, including enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as improved yield quality.Over the last two decades, numerous genetically modified horticultural crops have been developed, with a few more in the pipeline.This study provides a comprehensive outline that will assist researchers in better understanding the improvements in genetic modification and their impact on abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, as well as the enhanced traits related to plant genetic modification, such as quality, shelf life, and texture, in various crop varieties.Some of these noteworthy approaches, including gene mutation, epigenome editing, repression, activation, and precise genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have been effectively used in potatoes and brinjal, among others.Prospects were also discussed that primarily emphasize the development of products to advance fields such as medicine, agriculture, and health, thereby raising living standards worldwide.