Development and validation of an interpretable risk prediction model for perioperative ischemic stroke in noncardiac, nonvascular, and nonneurosurgical patients: a retrospective study

This study developed and validated a robust predictive model for perioperative stroke risk in patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-vascular, and non-neurosurgical procedures. Despite its retrospective design, the model exhibited strong performance and clinical relevance. It provides a solid foundation for future multi-center studies aimed at refining and expanding its applicability.