Efficacy of a commercial bacteriophage cocktail against planktonic cells and both thin and thick biofilms of skin pathogens, measured using isothermal microcalorimetry

The efficacy of bacteriophage cocktails is limited by the thickness and maturation of biofilms. In the case of skin and soft tissue infections, especially for chronic wounds, it might be necessary to mechanically remove and disrupt the biofilm through mechanical debridement to enable the phage product to be effective.