Factors influencing the practice and effective use of forensic science evidence in crime investigation: a Study of Adama city, Oromia

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing the practice and effective use of forensic science evidence in criminal investigations in Adama City. This research employed both descriptive and explanatory research designs with a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 16 key informants, one group discussion, and questionnaires completed by 246 police officers. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources to address its objectives. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and focus groups, while secondary data included sub-city reports and various written materials, such as reports and published articles. To critically analyze different theories related to the use of forensic evidence in criminal investigations, the researchers explored theoretical, empirical, and conceptual frameworks. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS tool, and presented through tables, pie charts, bar charts, frequency counts, and percentages. The findings revealed that factors influencing the practice and effective use of forensic evidence in criminal investigations were largely related to ineffectiveness within the law enforcement. Due to the ineffectiveness of the police in collecting forensic evidence during investigations, the majority of criminal cases in Adama City remained unsolved, contributing to an increase in both personal and property crimes. The study identified several factors contributing to this ineffectiveness, including poor communication within the justice sector, lack of skills and experience, insufficient commitment, outdated investigative techniques, and inadequate resources and facilities. Additionally, there are indications that certain political and institutional dynamics may affect the prioritization and integrity of forensic practices. The research concluded that these factors rendered the police inefficient and ineffective in ensuring justice, causing the community to live in fear and become more vulnerable to various crimes. To address these issues, the community, stakeholders, government, and non-governmental organizations needs to support and collaborate with the police and the justice sector. To address these issues, the community, stakeholders, government, and non-governmental organizations must collaborate with the police and justice sector. Strengthening transparency, accountability, and forensic science practices will enhance crime investigations and improve overall community safety. Keywords: Forensic science, Crime investigation, Adama City, Police effectiveness, Forensic evidence, Justice Sector