Foucault’s Criticism of Neo-Liberalism in Late Period and Its Contemporary Significance

晚期福柯在《生命政治的诞生》一书中对新自由主义的研究，引发了一些学者的争议，这些学者认为福柯晚期对新自由主义的立场不够坚定，很显然这是一种误读。实际上，福柯是最早展开对新自由主义有效且深刻批判的哲学家之一。基于福柯的治理范式，他认为新自由主义乃是一种治理技艺，而非意识形态。这种治理技艺建构了一个以竞争原则为导向的市场，竞争原则在社会中影响深远，社会因此成为由生命政治把控的“企业社会”，人也在这种控制下成了“经济人”。福柯对新自由主义的批判让我们更加警惕无孔不入的新自由主义思潮，并对当下中国特色社会主义的治理之路有着启发性意义。 Foucault’s research on Neo-liberalism in his book Naissance de la biopolitique in his later period has aroused controversy among some scholars, who think that Foucault’s position on Neo-liberalism in his later period is not firm enough, which is obviously a misinterpret. In fact, Foucault was one of the earliest philosophers who launched an effective and profound criticism of Neo-liberalism. Based on Foucault’s governance paradigm, he thinks that Neo-liberalism is a governance skill, not an ideology. This kind of governance technique constructs a market oriented by the principle of competition, which has far-reaching influence in society, so society becomes an “enterprise society’’ controlled by life politics, and people become “economic men’’ under this control. Foucault’s criticism of Neo-liberalism makes us more alert to the pervasive trend of Neo-liberalism, and has enlightening significance for the current governance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.