Hyperprolactinemia and Male Infertility

Infertility is a prevalent medical disease affecting between 8% and 17.5% of couples globally, with a male factor accounting for nearly half of all cases of infertility among couples. Infertility is a reproductive system disorder characterized by the failure to conceive following at least 12 months of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse. It may be primary or secondary in nature. Most countries still struggle to provide equal and fair access to fertility care, particularly in poor and middle-income countries. Hormonal imbalances such as a high prolactin level otherwise called hyperprolactinemia can induce infertility in males. Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent endocrine illness that can cause severe morbidity. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including drug use, hypothyroidism, and pituitary problems. Depending on the origin and effects of hyperprolactinemia, patients require treatment that takes into account the underlying cause, age, gender, and reproductive status. This study examined the biological and metabolic roles of prolactin, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and controls that drive male hyperprolactinaemia, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment.