Analysis of differential diagnostic features of retinoblastoma and retinoblastoma-mimicking ocular pathology

In ophthalmopediatric practice retinoblastoma (Rb) – is the most common malignant pathology of the eye that occurs as a result of malignant transformation of the embryonic retina. The main clinical manifestations accompanying Rb are leukocoria, strabismus, decreased visual acuity, the presence of yellowish-white foci on the fundus with and without surrounding subretinal fluid, as well as tumor dropouts in the vitreous and/or under the retina. Usually, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis is not required. The main diagnostic instrumental methods for the diagnosis of Rb are biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye, ophthalmoscopy of the fundus with maximum druginduced mydriasis, ultrasound of the eyes and orbits and MRI with contrast enhancement of the orbits and brain. There are a number of diseases that have common clinical signs with Rb, which can be difficult for practicing ophthalmologists to diagnose. An ophthalmologist should always be on-alert and if there are difficulties in diagnosis, the child should be sent to a specialized center. The article presents a report for 13 months of the work of the Competence center for Retinoblastoma of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia on the identification of pseudoretinoblastomas among patients treated with critical symptoms that may accompany or simulate Rb.