Review: Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Risks in School Children Associated with Cellphone and Backpack Use and Strategies That Parents and Teachers Can Adopt to Prevent Them

The growing use of cellphones and heavy backpacks among schoolchildren has led to a rising prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as text neck syndrome, back pain, shoulder discomfort, pinky deformity, and associated symptoms like headaches and eye strain. This article explores the contributing factors to MSDs in children, focusing on ergonomic issues, physical activity levels, and lifestyle factors, as well as the psychological impact of these conditions. It emphasizes the importance of adopting preventive measures, such as promoting proper posture, regulating screen time, ensuring appropriate backpack use, and implementing ergonomic furniture in schools. Additionally, the article discusses the role of educational programs in raising awareness about proper ergonomics and posture. The findings highlight the need for a multidimensional approach that involves parents, teachers, and healthcare providers in addressing these concerns. Future research should focus on the long-term musculoskeletal outcomes of digital engagement and backpack use, as well as the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at preventing MSDs in children. By fostering healthier postural habits and improving environmental factors, we can mitigate the risks of MSDs, leading to better physical and mental well-being for school-aged children.