Relationship Between Testis Location and Age of Surgery with Testicular Atrophy and Re-Ascent in Undescended Testis Patients Undergoing Orchiopexy at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital

Introduction: Undescended testis (UDT) is an anomaly characterized by the absence of one or both testes in the scrotum. Based on the location of the testis, UDT is broadly classified into abdominal UDT and extra-abdominal UDT, both of which require different surgical approaches. The ideal time for orchidopexy is between 6 months and 18 months of age. Common postoperative complications include reascension and testicular atrophy. In this study, researchers aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the location of the testis and the age at which surgery is performed, with testicular atrophy and re-ascent in patients with UDT who underwent orchidopexy at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital. Methods: This research design was observational with a retrospective cohort study design. The sample in this study was all UDT patients who underwent orchidopexy surgery at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. Patients with incomplete data and those who refused to participate were excluded from the study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software with the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Result: This study involved a total of 53 patients with 68 orchidopexy procedures, both laparoscopically and open surgery. The age distribution for orchidopexy ranged from 7 months to 443 months, with a median cut-off point at 46 months (IQR 23-98). Based on the location of the testis in UDT, 23 (33.82%) cases were abdominal UDT, and 45 (66.18%) cases were extra-abdominal UDT. The results of the study showed that there was no significant relationship between the location of the testis in UDT (abdominal vs. extra-abdominal) and the incidence of testicular atrophy (P = 0.222) or the incidence of re-ascent (P = 0.054) after orchidopexy. The results of this study also showed no significant relationship between the age at which orchidopexy was performed and the incidence of testicular atrophy (P = 0.779) and re-ascent (P = 0.569). Subgroup analysis also showed no relationship between the age at which orchidopexy was performed and the incidence of testicular atrophy (abdominal testis, P = 0.747; extra-abdominal testis, P = 0.393) and re-ascent (abdominal testis, P = 0.909; extra-abdominal testis, P = 0.390). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between testis location and age at orchiopexy with testicular atrophy and re-ascent in patients undergoing orchiopexy at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar.