Delay-Aware Cross-Domain Scheduling and Resource Allocation for 5G-TSN Networks

With Industrial 5.0 introduces more stringent latency and reliability demands for time-sensitive applications, driving the convergence of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and 5G technologies. While TSN ensures deterministic low-latency communication, its wired nature limits flexibility in dynamic and mobile industrial environments. To address this, 3GPP has proposed an integrated 5G-TSN architecture leveraging virtualized 5G bridges. However, the joint scheduling of heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) traffic—particularly URLLC and eMBB—remains challenging due to the conflicting requirements of microsecond-level latency and gigabit-level throughput across domains. Existing solutions either overlook the mismatch between TSN and 5G scheduling mechanisms or focus on single-domain optimization. This paper investigates the cross-domain scheduling problem in integrated 5G-TSN networks and proposes a CQF-based transmission framework that supports hybrid QoS traffic via multi-level QoS mapping and priority isolation. A delay-aware cross-domain scheduling algorithm is developed to jointly optimize the CQF injection slot offset, 5G resource block allocation, and transmission power. Experimental results show that the proposed approach enables efficient coordination of heterogeneous traffic and significantly outperforms baseline methods in terms of delay and throughput.