Modeling the Performance of Wi-Fi Networks using 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and Multi-Link Operation

The rapid expansion of wireless devices and the growing demand for high-speed data have made Wi-Fi networks indispensable in modern communication. However, traditional Wi-Fi networks operating in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands face challenges in high-density environments due to limited spectrum and increased interference. Recent advancements, such as the introduction of the 6 GHz frequency band in Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7, offer additional spectrum to alleviate congestion and improve performance. Additionally, Multi-Link Operation (MLO), introduced in Wi-Fi 7, allows devices to simultaneously operate on both the 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands, aggregating bandwidth to increase throughput and reduce delays. This study investigates the performance of Wi-Fi networks utilizing 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and MLO under varying STA densities. Using a simulation model, the study evaluates the impact of STA density on network performance, focusing on throughput and delay. The network's dynamic behavior, including transmission attempts, collisions, and backoff stages, is modeled using a Markov Chain to accurately simulate real-world transmission conditions. The results demonstrate that while 6 GHz and MLO provide significant performance improvements, particularly in high-density environments, managing the interactions between the frequency bands and the challenges of interference and load balancing is crucial. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into how MLO can enhance network performance and reliability, contributing to the development of future Wi-Fi systems.