A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Ranking Renewable Energy Systems Based on Economic and Environmental Aspects

When selecting the most appropriate renewable energy source, it is necessary to strike a balance between the environmental impact and economic feasibility. This study employs a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (FMCDM) framework, which employs the FAHP to establish criteria weights. Subsequently, Fuzzy-TOPSIS and Fuzzy-VIKOR are employed to rank five renewable energy systems: solar, wind, biomass, waste-to-energy, and marine energy. Solar energy is consistently ranked as the most advantageous system by both methods, as it offers high economic and environmental returns and incurs lower costs. In contrast, biomass energy is ranked as the least favorable option due to its dependence on natural resources. The reliability of the findings is enhanced by the consistency of both methodologies, which provides a structured approach for decision-makers in the selection of sustainable energy-related investments.