Evaluating BB84 Protocol for Next-Generation Quantum Key Distribution Systems

In recent years, traditional cryptography has faced a lot of threats with advancements in quantum computing technology. The objective of the work is to analyze the suitability of the BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution. The BB84 protocol uses the principles of superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem that provide a framework enabling the secure exchange of secret keys. Qiskit, an open-source software, is used for analysis and study. An ideal quantum channel is established between the two communicating parties using Qiskit. The analysis is done in the presence of an eavesdropper, and it is found that the eavesdropper’s incorrect basis choices alter the states of the qubits, and thereby, the communicating parties will come to know about the interception.