Evaluating Large Language Models for Multilingual and Typo-Tolerant Answer Validation in a Digital Quiz Application

We address the problem of automatically validating free-form text answers in a mobile quiz application, where users may answer with synonyms, minor typos, or in different languages. Traditional exact-string matching fails in these cases, so we explore whether large language models (LLMs) can effectively judge accuracy in alignment with human decisions. A comparative study of 19 LLMs (from the major model families) was conducted asking each model to evaluate the quiz answers (without the human annotation label) and scoring +1 for agreement or -1 for disagreement with human judgments. Each question in our dataset is independently judged by five humans to reduce bias. Our results show that the latest GPT-4o model has the highest agreement rate with human evaluators, substantially outperforming other LLMs. This suggests that advanced LLMs can robustly handle semantic equivalence and language variations in answer validation. We discuss implications for the deployment of LLMs in educational applications and relate our findings to previous work on semantic text similarity, fuzzy matching, and multilingual evaluation.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Published
2025-06-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.23919/splitech65624.2025.11091635
Primary Topic
Topic Modeling
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Evaluating Large Language Models for Multilingual and Typo-Tolerant Answer Validation in a Digital Quiz Application

Toni Perković, Maja Braović, Dario Vranješ, Ana Ćupurdija
Topic Modeling
article

Evaluating Large Language Models for Multilingual and Typo-Tolerant Answer Validation in a Digital Quiz Application

Toni Perković, Maja Braović, Dario Vranješ, Ana Ćupurdija
article en

Abstract

We address the problem of automatically validating free-form text answers in a mobile quiz application, where users may answer with synonyms, minor typos, or in different languages. Traditional exact-string matching fails in these cases, so we explore whether large language models (LLMs) can effectively judge accuracy in alignment with human decisions. A comparative study of 19 LLMs (from the major model families) was conducted asking each model to evaluate the quiz answers (without the human annotation label) and scoring +1 for agreement or -1 for disagreement with human judgments. Each question in our dataset is independently judged by five humans to reduce bias. Our results show that the latest GPT-4o model has the highest agreement rate with human evaluators, substantially outperforming other LLMs. This suggests that advanced LLMs can robustly handle semantic equivalence and language variations in answer validation. We discuss implications for the deployment of LLMs in educational applications and relate our findings to previous work on semantic text similarity, fuzzy matching, and multilingual evaluation.

University of Split (HR)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Topic Modeling
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Multilingual and Typo-Tolerant Answer Validation in a Digital Quiz Application — Toni Perković, Maja Braović, et al. · (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS