THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT

The use of biological preparations in the cultivation of winter crops, modern technology provides for high and stable grain yields of good quality. The purpose of our research is to identify the effectiveness of the use of microbiological fertilizers and growth regulators in winter wheat crops, as well as to increase yields with high grain quality. It was revealed that the biological preparations MERS and Edagum had a certain effect on the growth and development of plants, which contributed to an increase in plant height by 1.6 – 1.9 cm, ear length by 0.5 – 0.8 cm, and the number of grains in one ear by 0.7 – 1.2 pieces for both varieties. The maximum leaf surface area of 54.76 thousand m2/ha was 700 ml/ha for the MERS variant of the Bagrat variety, 500 ml/ha for the Edagum variant, the leaf area was slightly smaller and amounted to 54 m2/ha for the Grom variety. Photosynthetic potential increased by 125.9 – 131.2 thousand m2 /ha/day in comparison with the control in the studied variants. The MERS variants with a dose of 500 ml/ha and Edagum - 400 ml/ha, the indicators of net photosynthetic productivity were 5.69 – 5.64 g/ m2 day, and in the control – 5.13 g/m2 day. The highest yield was provided by the use of MERS with a dose of 700 ml/ha, the increase was 0.97 t/ha for the Grom variety, and 4.87 t/ha, and 1.02 t/ha for the Bagrat variety. Chemical analysis of the grain showed that MERS and Edagum preparations increased the content of crude gluten by 1.2 – 2.6%, and protein by 1.0 – 1.6% for the Grom variety, and 1.7 – 3.3%, 1.1 – 1.7% for the Bagrat variety, respectively. The high income was the MERS variant - 700 ml/ha – 37.65 thousand/rub. with a profitability of 102.4% of the Grom variety, and 41.17 thousand/rub. the profitability was 112% for the Bagrat variety.