CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVE WEIGHT AND GENEALOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF KALMYK CATTLE OF VARIOUS FACTORY LINES

The characterization of modern animals of factory and genealogical lines and their improvement is important in the breeding system. Both breeding selection and line breeding are widely used in the breeding of Kalmyk cattle. Despite the fact that Kalmyk cattle has long established itself as the best domestic breed due to its valuable economic and biological properties, the issue of improving the breed is certainly relevant at the present time. The aim of the work was to study the productive qualities and genealogical relationships of breeding bulls and Kalmyk bulls of various lines in order to further identify the successors of the leading factory lines of the Kalmyk breed. The research material was an inventory of comprehensively evaluated breeding bulls and calves of the Kalmyk breed bred in 18 breeding farms of the Republic of Kalmykia (n-8248, of which 545 heads are breeding bulls). The average live weight of breeding bulls is 864.8 kg, of which 37% have a live weight of 877.8 kg, which corresponds to the elite-record class. The largest live weight of bulls is observed in breeding farms "Erketeni" - 393.3 kg, "Hoshud" - 393.2 kg and "Khanata" - 393 kg. The smallest in Pervomaisky is 337.3 kg (P<0.05), which corresponds to Class I. The main lines of Kalmyk cattle bred in Kalmykia are Slender (12%), Block 3218-Seaman12054 (11%), Seaman (11%), Leleshko (11%), Report (10%), Frisky (10%), Doublet (10%) and Boletus (9%). The Svelte line makes up a large proportion (12%). The largest live weight is found in gobies of the Report lines, Block 3218-Seaman 12054 and Boletus (387.3 kg, 385.6 kg and 384.3 kg, respectively). The lowest live weight is observed in animals of the Block 3218 line (351.5 kg). Of the genealogical groups, genealogical and factory lines common in breeding farms, the most desirable for breeding to increase meat productivity are the animals of the Report line, Block 3218-Seaman 12054 and Boletus, their values are 387.3 kg, 385.6 kg and 384.3 kg, respectively, and the elite-record class