STUDY OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF CATTLE OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF CROSSING DIFFERENT BREEDS AND GENOTYPES

The article presents the results of a study of the meat productivity of cattle obtained by crossing bulls of the Russian Komola breed with cows of Kalmyk, red-mottled and red-steppe breeds. Increasing the production of high-quality beef remains one of the main objectives of the meat subcomplex. This problem can be solved by interbreeding, which makes it possible to take advantage of the biological advantages of heterogeneous animals, such as improved vitality, accelerated growth and high production efficiency. The breed of animals is determined by the general level of the complex of breeding characteristics. When crossing different breeds, crossbred animals will have a different level of these characteristics. The more diverse characteristics of crossbred offspring allow breeders to choose the necessary forms and subsequently form herds of cattle of the desired quality. Crossing and interspecific hybridization, recognized as the most effective methods of increasing productivity of plant and animal populations, are successfully applied by humans in practice. Modern animal husbandry actively uses industrial crossbreeding to improve meat quality and accelerate animal growth. The essence of the method is to cross dairy or dairy-meat cows with bulls of purebred meat breeds. This allows you to get offspring with higher body weight gain and better meat qualities than the original parent forms. As a result, hybrids are obtained that demonstrate increased efficiency of meat production, which makes this method very profitable on an industrial scale. In more detail, the gene material of meat breeds responsible for muscle growth and meat quality is combined with the genes of dairy or dairy-meat breeds, which can, for example, contribute to better adaptation to housing conditions or increase the survival of offspring. Thus, industrial crossbreeding is a technology aimed at optimizing the productivity of beef cattle by combining the best qualities of different breeds to produce highly productive hybrid livestock. Russian breeders successfully use the method of reproductive crossing to breed new breeds of livestock, which is confirmed by the existence of such well-known breeds as the Kazakh white-headed, Russian Komolaya, Bestuzhevskaya and Kostroma. This method involves the repeated mating of hybrid individuals obtained from crossing different breeds in order to consolidate the desired traits. In general, in Russian animal husbandry, interbreeding is widely used – crossing animals of two or more breeds to produce animals with improved characteristics. The purpose of such crossbreeding is to create new types of livestock with higher productivity, better adaptation to certain conditions or other desirable qualities. Subsequent reproductive crossing makes it possible to consolidate these improvements in the offspring. Industrial crossbreeding provides significant opportunities to realize the genetic potential of cattle. Therefore, this method is considered one of the key ones for increasing meat productivity and improving meat quality.