NECROBACTERIOSIS IN ANIMALS AND BIRDS

The causative agent of necrobacteriosis Fusobacterium necrophorum is widespread in the external environment and, as an obligate microflora, lives in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, especially ruminants. Many species of domestic and wild animals, birds, and humans are susceptible. Infection occurs as a wound infection through damaged skin and mucous membranes. The pathogen is transmitted through soil, litter, animal care items. The disease is triggered by 2 causes: a lack of vitamin and mineral metabolism (lack of calcium) and increased dampness of animal housing. Necrobacteriosis is a wound infection that manifests itself in the form of sporadic cases and small epizootic outbreaks. In the animal body, the pathogen produces a number of strong endotoxins and enzymes that destroy the body's cells and inhibit its immune system. Secondary foci of necrosis appear when necrosis rods germinate into blood clots, detach particles from them, and the pathogen enters various internal organs with the blood stream, where it settles on the capillaries. The course of the disease, with a decrease in the resistance of the animal's body, is complicated by the development of a mixed infection involving staphylococci, streptococci, pyogenic micrococci, and pathogens of gas gangrene. Necrobacteriosis in such cases becomes malignant. There are 4 forms of the disease: cutaneous necrobacteriosis - the most common form that occurs with damage to external tissues; localized on animal limbs; necrobacteriosis of mucous membranes and underlying tissues; necrobacteriosis of internal organs; necrobacteriosis ostitis and osteomyelitis. For intravital examination (microscopy of fingerprint preparations), necrotic lesions are taken at the border of dead and healthy tissues after preliminary cleaning of decomposed tissue and pus, saliva of a sick animal. The treatment is carried out using baths with astringents (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, iodoglycerin, copper sulfate 10%, formaldehyde 5%), sulfonamide preparations or tetracycline antibiotics are applied. But they only temporarily eliminate skin defects and only create the appearance of an improvement in the epizootic situation. Animals that have had necrobacteriosis do not acquire full-fledged immunity. There are cases of sick and recovered animals. For specific prevention, an inactivated form of vaccine against animal necrobacteriosis has been proposed, which is ineffective.