Improving body composition and social function through combined exercise program in children with intellectual disabilities: a single-arm pre-post intervention study

The 16-week combined exercise program produced meaningful improvements in the physical health, attentional control, and social functioning of children with ID. These findings underscore the utility of integrated PA as a nonpharmacological, multidomain intervention to enhance the well-being of neurodiverse children. Future studies should explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and assess the long-term sustainability of these outcomes.