Epidemiological Study and Spatial Distribution of Beef Cattle Paramphistomosis in Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia

Livestock productivity can decrease due to paramphistomosis caused by Paramphistomum spp.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the disease, analyze the risk factors, and present a distribution map of paramphistomosis in beef cattle in Manokwari Regency, West Papua.Using simple random sampling, a total of 1336 beef cattle fecal samples were collected from 206 smallholder farms in seven districts in Manokwari Regency from December 2023 to February 2024.Risk factor analysis was conducted to see associations with disease incidence and GIS maps were created to visualize the prevalence distribution of paramphistomosis in Manokwari regions.The overall prevalence of paramphistomosis was 45.56%, while at the farm level, it was 75.73%.The sampling location, livestock origin, feeding method, drinking water sources, and farmers' education level were risk factors that correlated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of Paramphistomum spp.infection in beef cattle.Manokwari Selatan District was detected as an area with a high prevalence of paramphistomosis.Based on the epidemiological data, it can be concluded that the level of endemism of paramphistomosis is quite high in Manokwari Regency, West Papua.The results of this study reveal the role of livestock management systems and farmer education factors in influencing the geographic heterogeneity of the prevalence of beef cattle paramphistomosis.These risk factors can be used to develop paramphistomosis control strategies, farmers are adequately educated about health problems of livestock that these parasitic infections cause to their livestock productivity.