Characteristics of Changes in Immunolocalization of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Placenta of Cattle in Normal and Pathological Conditions

A significant decrease in the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was observed in the placental structures of ruminant animals with placental insufficiency, complicated by eclampsia in sheep and birth pathology in cows.Research findings indicated the presence of MMP-2 biomarkers solely in the degrading crypts from the maternal placental section, as well as in the vessel regions of the fetal placenta.In the tissues of the maternal portion of the placenta in sheep and cows with placental insufficiency and pregnancy complications, degradation of the connective tissue matrix of the caruncle crypts was observed, indicating a loss of the extracellular substance structure of the uterine crypts within the caruncles.Translocation of MMP-2 was observed between the villi of the chorioallantoic of the cotyledon and the epithelium of the caruncle crypts.During normal pregnancy and childbirth, MMP-2 was evenly distributed throughout the chorioallantoic cells in the fetal portion of the placenta, except for giant binucleate and hybrid trinucleate cells.Data show that matrix metalloproteinase activity increases in the caruncles and cotyledons of cows and sheep during placental insufficiency, as it degrades maternal placental extracellular matrix components, leading to reproductive problems later.The absence or decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases may be associated with neonatal diseases in newborns.