Interpreting Symbols and Artistic Identity in Led Zeppelin’s 'Stairway to Heaven': A Semiotic Analysis within an Educational Context Based on Roland Barthes’ Theory

This study explores the symbolic meanings embedded in the lyrics of “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin through the lens of Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The song was selected due to its rich symbolism and the profound philosophical messages conveyed through both its lyrical content and musical structure. The primary aim of this research is to uncover how Led Zeppelin constructs and conveys their artistic identity through symbolic elements that engage with themes of spirituality, existentialism, and critiques of materialistic culture. Employing a qualitative research method with a descriptive-interpretative design, this study draws data from official lyric documentation, musical references, and media archives. The analysis focuses on three layers of meaning in the lyrics: (1) denotation as literal meaning, (2) connotation as emotional and cultural significance, and (3) myth as an ideological narrative. The findings reveal that the symbol of the "stairway to heaven" functions as a critique of consumerism; the crossroads symbolize existential freedom; and natural imagery evokes a sense of spiritual connection to the natural world. Together, these symbols construct a modern myth that demonstrates how Led Zeppelin not only produced music but also engaged in cultural storytelling that is both philosophical and introspective. The song ultimately reflects the band’s identity as an artistic entity that transcends entertainment, inviting listeners to contemplate life’s deeper meanings through metaphor and symbolic representation.