Ensuring Sustainable Crop Production in the Steppe Zone of Kazakhstan through the Application of Precision Agriculture Methods: A Case Study of Spring Wheat Cultivation

This study aimed to enhance agricultural productivity in Northern Kazakhstan by comparing conventional farming practices with modern precision agriculture technologies.The research was carried out during the 2023 growing season on the agricultural fields of the 'Altyn-Gul' enterprise.Precision agriculture tools such as NDVI for vegetation monitoring, remote sensing for soil fertility analysis, and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer trials were utilized.Observations included phenological stages, soil moisture levels, and nitrogen status in plants using devices such as GreenSeeker and N-tester.Statistical analysis was performed with a significant level of 5%.The results demonstrated that differentiated applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased wheat yield, with productivity in certain zones rising by 127% compared to control plots.The integration of NDVI and soil fertility mapping optimized fertilizer application, leading to more uniform crop development and improved overall productivity.