In Vitro Fermentation Studies through Synergistic Effects of Antioxidant Phytonutrients Derived from Encapsulated Medical Plants

This research was aimed to investigate the combination of microencapsulated-leaf extracts (mLEs), namely Cannabis sativa (mCSLE), Cannabis indica (mCILE), and Mitragyna speiosa (mMSLE) under in vitro fermentation.The experiment was conducted to assess their efficiency on different treatments; T1: control (un-supplemented), T2: mCILE+mCSLE, T3: mCILE+mMSLE, T4: mCSLE+mMSLE, and T5: mCILE+mCSLE+mMSLE.A completely randomized design was assigned to the supplementation of three mLEs randomly at 6% DM and various aspects of in vitro rumen fermentation were measured.The addition of three mLEs quadratically (P<0.05)mitigated the gas kinetics, specifically reducing the gas rate constant for the insoluble fraction and cumulative gas at 96 hours while linearly increasing their promoters, IVDMD, and ruminal NH3-N.This supplementation had a positive effect to increase the concentration of propionate (C3) and total VFA concentration, whereas it decreased the VFA proportion, particularly acetate (C2), butyrate (C4), and C2:C3 ratios, and CH4 production when compared with the control in this experiment (P<0.05).Additionally, all of the mLEs supplementation treatments raised the pH of the rumen, which led to more of the dominant microbial population.These included Ruminococcus albus followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Megasphaera eldenii, Butyrivibro fibrisolvens, and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus.Contrarily, the mLEs addition dynamically reduced Methanobacteriales populations (P<0.05).The findings indicated that the combined of three mLEs might be a viable substitute for phytonutrient-based antioxidant supplements in animal feed additives.