Mode of Action of Medicinal Plants to Enhance Fecundity and Treat Infertility in Female Animal Models: Rats, Mice and Rabbits

For millennia, medicinal herbs have been utilized to enhance health and address many ailments, including infertility and reduced fertility in female animals.This review seeks to examine current research on the effect of medicinal herbs in enhancing fecund ity and addressing infertility in female animal models, including rats, mice, and rabbits.Narrative reviews were conducted on 45 scientific articles published between 2014 and 2024.The findings indicated that extracts from 41 plant species belonging to 2 9 families significantly influenced reproductive hormone control, folliculogenesis, restoration of the estrous cycle, and enhancement of fertility indices.The species comprise Myrianthus arboreus, Rumex vesicarius, Jatropha tanjorensis, Schumanniophyton magnificum, Allium cepa, Allium ampeloprasum, Glycine max L., Curcuma longa L., Nigella sativa, Salvia officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Moringa oleifera, and Viscum album.The primary bioactive substances identified include polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones and phytoestrogens, which contribute to the regulation of hormonal equilibrium (estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH), mitigation of oxidative stress, and enhancement of ovarian morphology, oocyte quality, and the estrous cycle.Certain plant medicines, including Punica granatum, Withania somnifera, Tribulus terrestris, Phyllanthus muellerianus, Glycyrrhiza glabra , and Cinnamomum verum, are efficacious in managing polycystic ovarian syndrome, reinstating reproductive function, and enhancing fertility.This study highlights the necessity of advancing medicinal plant extracts as a safe, cost-effective, and eco-friendly therapeutic alternative to improve female reproductive health and promote the sustainability of animal populations.