Removal of Toxic Pollutants from Industrial Effluents

Industrial effluents are an integral part of liquid waste generated in the course of several human commercial endeavors. These effluents are made up of several forms of chemical and biological constituents that could be detrimental not only to environment but to biodiversity resources. Therefore Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) has been installed and is in operation at numerous industrial clusters throughout India to deal with industrial effluents. They serve to reduce effluent treatment cost, provide better collective treatment, and reduce land cost for small-scale and medium scale industrial facilities that cannot afford individual treatment plants. Optimum working conditions for treatment of effluent to be on par with discharge standards is a major mandate for CETP. The general principle is still the same: a stage-by-stage reduction in contaminants of decreasing particle size which includes coagulation, clari-flocculator, aeration and settling of biological sludge in the form of suspended solids. The main aim is to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality intended for disposal or reuse option. The quality of the effluent is assessed by the following parameters: - pH, BOD, COD, TDS, SS, and Ammonical-nitrogen.