IoT-based Bolt Loosening Detection System for Structural Integrity Monitoring

Mechanical fasteners, like bolts, need constant watch to maintain the structural integrity of important infrastructure. Changing loads as well as environmental conditions cause bolts to loosen. This study presents a system. The system uses the Internet of Things to detect bolt loosening as it happens. Force Sensitive Resistors connect to an Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller connects to an ESP-01 Wi-Fi module. The system watches bolt forces without stopping. It sends data to the ThingSpeak platform, which is in the cloud. Data shows in real time next to anomalies find automation. If force drops a lot, an alert is sent. This allows maintenance to happen early. This lowers the chance of structural failures. Results from experiments show the system finds loosening bolts with accuracy. The system shows the possibility of predictive maintenance in industry, car manufacturing in addition to building design. The future includes changes. Cellular notifications that use GSM will occur. Wireless sensor networks will allow deployment on a big scale. The goal is better reliability and better operational efficiency for infrastructure monitoring.