Smart Control Strategies for Voltage Regulation in Grid-Tied PV Systems: A Comprehensive Overview

Voltage regulation in grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems becomes a necessity in maintaining the reliability and stability of the power network as the rate of renewable energy integration increases. Solar photovoltaic-grid systems themselves experience the vagaries of solar irradiation variations, thermal cycles, and disturbances in the power grid, which result in inefficiency, quality degradation, and voltage instability of the system. State-of-the-art machine learning-based control approaches, even if promising, are data-demanding, susceptible to overfitting, and computational in their processing. In the field of solving such problems, the aim of this research contribution is to provide a complete overview of some of the control models implemented in voltage regulation in grid-PV systems. Evaluation confirms the efficacy and shortfalls of every model in dimensions of providing voltage stability improvement, deviation reduction, control response time, and efficiency optimization of the system. With the help of a critical comparative study of all these models, this study tries to give in-depth information on how more robust and adaptive control methods can be achieved, thereby ensuring better grid- PV system performances and towards the integration of renewable power into modern power systems.