High-temperature performance evaluation of sustainable date palm fiber concrete with activated carbon: An MCDM and Weibull analysis approach

This study explores the optimization and performance evaluation of date palm fiber (DPF) reinforced concrete containing powdered activated carbon (PAC) subjected to high temperatures. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and Weibull distribution analyses were used to analyse the concrete’s properties. Weight loss and residual compressive strength at 300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C were measured. The concrete mixes were designed with varying DPF (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) and PAC (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by cement weight). Performance evaluation included compressive strength, workability, water absorption, and mass loss were measured. The EDAS method identified Mix M1D1P (1 % DPF, 1 % PAC) as the best-performing mix composition. The optimal mix demonstrated high compressive strength (54.13 MPa), residual strength at 800 °C (25.17 MPa), and low mass loss (9.84 %), making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The MCDM results revealed that mixes with moderate PAC content (1 %) outperformed those with excessive DPF and PAC due to reduced porosity and enhanced strength retention. Statistical reliability was verified through Weibull distribution, with high degree of correlation (R² = 0.981) for the residual strength at 600 °C. The findings underscore the potential of DPF as a sustainable fiber that enhances thermal stability and mechanical performance while supporting eco-friendly construction practices. This study advances smart concrete technology by providing a systematic framework for material selection and optimization, paving the way for durable and sustainable high-performance concrete applications. The findings in this study also explores its practical applications in structural and thermal barrier systems, offering functional foresight for civil engineering and sustainable construction practices.