Nefrotoxicitatea preparatelor antitumorale

Oncologic pathology, together with high morbidity and mortality, imposes major demands on the efficacy and safety of antitumor preparations. For the conventional drugs (alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, antitumor hormones, platinum agents, etc.), which have been used for several decades, the clinical effects and mechanisms of nephrotoxicity have been largely elucidated. Antitumor preparations affect almost all kidney structures (glomerular, tubular, interstitial or vascular cells), manifested by glomerulopathy, interstitial nephritis, tubulointerstitial lesions, proteinuria, electrolyte imbalance and arterial hypertension, with the development of acute renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Concomitantly with anticancer therapy for symptomatic or pathogenetic treatment, there will be administered other groups of drugs with nephrotoxic potential, which may further worsen the patients’ condition and complicate the anticancer therapy. Nephrotoxicity of anti-tumor drugs has been shown to increase in association with drugs that already have a nephrotoxic potential, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunodepressants, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, glycopeptides, antifungals, antivirals, antituberculous drugs, proton pump inhibitors, radiopaque preparations, etc.