Low-cost Laparoscopy Module And Training Kit: Expanding Mis Access In Resource-limited Settings

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has revolutionized surgical care by improving patient outcomes. However, its adoption in low-income countries remains limited due to high costs, with standard laparoscopic systems ranging from $50,000 to $200,000 and effective training kits costing approximately $800. This financial burden has resulted in unequal access to surgical care, often forcing patients to seek treatment in urban centers. To address this disparity, the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Kenyatta University has developed a low-cost laparoscopy module and training kit tailored for resource-constrained settings. METHODS The all-in-one low-cost laparoscopy module and training kit were designed using locally sourced materials to deliver high-quality image acquisition and processing at approximately one-quarter the cost of conventional laparoscopic systems. The module integrates a web camera for image capture, enhanced by image processing techniques such as white balance adjustment and auto zoom. It features an environmentally friendly LED light source and a microprocessor for image acquisition and storage. Designed for both insufflated and gasless procedures (e.g., using a RAIS device), the system is compatible with standard laparoscopic equipment. The training kit consists of a 3D-printed shaft and camera head with an embedded camera and light source at the tip. RESULTS The developed laparoscopic module significantly reduced the overall system footprint while maintaining performance comparable to standard laparoscopy towers. Its lightweight design and streamlined cabling minimize user fatigue during prolonged procedures. The 3D-printed construction allows for ergonomic customization, enhancing user comfort and control. Additionally, the integrated light source provided the recommended surgical illumination level of 7500K. CONCLUSIONS With further development—including plans to integrate AI for surgical guidance—this innovation has the potential to improve access to MIS in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). By reducing financial and technical barriers, it strengthens rural surgical capacity and enhances patient outcomes. Future efforts will focus on expanding field trials and refining the system to optimize clinical efficiency.